Fire detection and alarm system - Technical requirements
1. Scope of application.
This standard applies to fire alarm systems equipped in factories, factories, warehouses, offices, hospitals, schools, theaters, hotels, markets, shopping malls, businesses. Armed force camps and other constructions posing a danger of fire and explosion.
This standard does not apply to projects designed according to special requirements.
2 Terminology and definition
2.1 Automatic fire alarm system: The system automatically detects and notifies fire locations.
2.1.1 Conventional fire alarm system: The automatic fire alarm system does not have the function to announce the address of each fire detector.
2.1.2 Addressable fire alarm system: An automatic fire alarm system has the function of notifying the address of each fire detector.
2.1.3 Intelligent fire alarm system: In addition to the normal fire alarm function and the address can also measure some fire parameters of the area where the fire detector is installed such as temperature, smoke concentration or / and automatically change the threshold impact of the fire detector according to the requirements of the designer and installer.
2.2 Manual fire alarm system: Fire alarm system that fire alarm is only done manually (no automatic fire detector).
2.3 Automatic fire detector: Automatic equipment is sensitive to phenomena accompanied by burning (temperature rise, smoke emission, light emitting) and transmits appropriate signals to the fire alarm control panel.
2.3.1 Heat detector: Automatic fire detector is sensitive to the increase in temperature of the environment where the fire detector is installed.
2.3.1.1 Fixed temperature heat detector: Heat detector, active when the temperature at the position of installation of the fire detector reaches predetermined value.
2.3.1.2 Rate of rise heat detector: Fire detector, active when the temperature at the location of the rise of the temperature rise reaches a defined value.
2.3.1.3 Line type heat detector: Fire detector is structured in the form of wire or small tube.
2.3.2 Smoke detector: Automatic fire detector is sensitive to the impact of solid or liquid particles generated from combustion and / or thermal decomposition called smoke.
2.3.2.1 ionization smoke detector: Smoke detector is sensitive to products generated when fire can affect ionization currents inside the fire detector.
2.3.2.2 Photoelectric smoke detector: Smoke detector is sensitive to products generated when fire can affect radiation absorption or scattering in the infrared and / or ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum. .
2.3.2.3 Optical smoke detector: As 2.3.2.2
2.3.2.4 Projected beam type smoke detector: A smoke detector consists of two parts that are light emitters and light beam receivers, which will act when in the middle of the transmitter and receiver smoke appears.
2.3.3 Flame detector: The automatic fire detector is sensitive to the radiation of the flame.
2.3.4 Automatic Testing Function Detector - ATF: The fire detector has the function of automatically checking its features to transmit to the fire alarm panel.
2.3.5 Combine detector: Automatic fire detector is sensitive to at least 2 phenomena with burning.
2.4 Manual call point: The device performs the initial fire alarm manually.
2.5 Electrical power supply: Equipment that supplies electrical energy to the fire alarm system.
2.6 conjunctive devices: Including components, cable systems and signal conductors, the parts forming a link between the equipment of the fire alarm system.
2.7 Fire alarm control panel: A device that supplies power to automatic fire detectors and performs the following functions:
- receive signals from automatic fire detectors and transmit fire alarm signals, indicating where fire occurs.
- It is possible to transmit a fire detection signal through a signaling device to a fire alarm receiver or / and to automatic fire protection equipment.
- Check for normal operation of the system, indicate system failure such as wire breakage, short circuit ...
- can automatically control the operation of other peripherals.
3 Quy định chung
3.1 The design and installation of fire alarm systems must comply with requirements and regulations of relevant current standards and regulations and must be approved by the competent fire prevention and fighting agency.
3.2 Fire alarm system must meet the following requirements:
rapid fire detection according to proposed function;
- convert the fire detection signal into a clear alarm signal so that those around you can take appropriate action immediately;
- has good anti-interference ability;
- quickly and clearly signaling all system failures;
- not affected by other systems installed collectively or separately;
- not partially or completely paralyzed by the fire prior to detection of the fire.
3.3 Fire alarm system must ensure reliability. This system must fully perform the proposed functions without any error.
3.4 External effects cause breakdown for a part of the system not to cause further problems in the system.
3.5 Fire alarm system includes basic parts:
Fire alarm center, automatic fire detector, fire alarm button box, linked elements, power source. Depending on the requirements of the fire alarm system, there are also other components such as alarm signal transmission equipment, automatic fire prevention equipment inspection ...
4 Technical requirements of automatic fire detectors.
4.1 Automatic fire detectors must ensure to detect fire according to designed function and technical properties stated in Table 1. The selection of automatic fire detector must be based on the properties of the flammable substances. , the characteristics of the protective medium, and according to the nature of the establishment as specified in annex A.
Bảng 1
| Specifications |
Heat detector |
Smoke detector |
Fire detector |
| Impact time |
Not greater than 120 seconds |
Not greater than 30 seconds |
Not greater than 5 seconds |
| Threshold of impact |
400C ÷ 1700C
The increase in temperature above 50C / min
|
Smoke opacity *:
+ from 5 to 20% / m for conventional smoke detectors.
+ from 20 to 70% above the distance between the transmitter and receiver of the projected beam smoke detector.
|
Ceiling flame is 15mm high, 3m distance from fire detector |
| Air humidity at the place where the fire detector is located |
Not greater than 98% |
Not greater than 98% |
Not greater than 98% |
| Nhiệt độ làm việc. |
From -100C to 1700C |
From -100C to+ 500C |
From -100C to + 500C |
| Protection area |
From15m2 to 50m2 |
Bigger 50m2 to 100m2 ** |
The pyramid has an angle of 1200, the height is from 3m to 7m. |
Note
* Impact threshold of smoke detector is calculated by opacity due to smoke over a given distance.
** The protected area of the projected beam smoke detector is the area limited by the distance between the transmitter and the receiver (from 5 to 100m) and the width on both sides along the beam (15m): from 75 up to 1500m2
4.2 Fire detectors must have indicator lights when operating. In case the automatic fire detector has no indicator light when it is activated, the base of automatic fire detector must have replacement indicator light.
For a wireless fire detector (radio and on-site fire detector), in addition to the indicator light, there must be a signal indicating the status of the power supply when operating.
4.3 The number of automatic fire detectors that need to be installed for a protected area depends on the level of fire detection necessary for the entire area of that area and must ensure economic and technical requirements. .
If an automatic fire alarm system is used to control an automatic fire fighting system, each point in the protected area must be controlled by 2 automatic fire detectors belonging to 2 different channels.
In case a building has suspended ceilings between ceilings with technical systems, electrical cables and signal cables installed, an additional fire detector must be installed in the upper ceiling.
4.4 Smoke detectors and heat detectors are installed on the ceiling or roof. In case it is not possible to install on the ceiling or the roof, it is allowed to be mounted on the beams and columns, it is allowed to hang fire detectors on wires under the ceiling but the fire detectors must be no more than 0.3m from the ceiling, including the dimensions. of automatic fire detector.
4.5 Smoke detectors and heat detectors must be installed in each compartment of the ceiling limited by building components protruding below (beam, beam, panel edge) greater than 0.4m.
In case the ceiling has lower protruding parts from 0.08m to 0.4m, the installation of automatic fire detector is calculated as the ceiling without the above protruding parts but the protective area of one end. automatic fire alarm reduced by 25%.
In case the ceiling has lower protruding parts over 0.4m and width more than 0.75m, fire detectors must be installed on those protruding parts.
4.6 In case piles of materials, shelves, equipment and construction components have the highest point, which is less than or equal to 0.6m from the ceiling, automatic fire detectors must be installed right above those positions.
4.7 Number of automatic fire detectors hanging on a channel of the fire alarm system depends on the technical characteristics of the fire alarm panel, but the protection area of each channel is not larger than 2000m2 for open protection area and 500m2 for with enclosed area. The automatic fire detectors must be used according to technical requirements, standards and technical records of automatic fire detectors taking into account environmental conditions where protection is required.
Note
An open protection area is an area where flammable substances in this area can see smoke and flames such as warehouses, production workshops, halls ...
An enclosed area is an area where when a fire cannot see smoke or flames such as in cable tunnels, false ceilings, closed rooms ...
4.8 In case the fire alarm control panel does not have the address indicator function of each automatic fire detector, the automatic fire detectors are connected on one channel, allowing control of up to 20 rooms or areas on the same floor. There must be an exit to the common corridor, but outside of each room, there must be fire alarm indication lights of any fire detectors installed in those rooms and at the same time it must satisfy the requirements of Article 4.7.
In case a room has a glass door or a glass wall with a common corridor that can be seen from the corridor through this glass wall or glass door, it is allowed not to install indicator lights in that room.
4.9 The distance from the fire detector to the outer edge of the mouth of the ventilation system or air conditioning system is not less than 0.5m.
It is not allowed to install fire detector directly in front of the above blowing mouths.
4.10 In case in a protected area is installed many types of fire detectors, the distance between fire detectors must be such that each position in that area is protected by at least one detector.
In case in a protected area, a mixed fire detector is installed, the distance between fire detectors is determined according to the properties of the main flammable substance of that area.
4.11 For the protection area which is the area in danger of explosion, it is required to use fire detectors with explosion resistance.
In areas with high humidity and / or dust, use fire detectors with moisture and / or dust resistance.
In areas where there are many insects, it is required to use fire detectors that are able to prevent insects from entering inside the fire detector or take measures to prevent insects from entering the fire detector.
4.12 Smoke detector.
4.12.1 Protection area of a smoke detector, the maximum distance between smoke detectors and between smoke detector and building wall must be determined according to Table 2, but not greater than the values. recorded in the technical requirements and technical records of the smoke detector.
Bảng 2
| Fire detector installation height m |
Protection area of a fire detector m2
|
Between fire detectors |
From the fire detector to the wall |
| Below 3,5 |
Less 100 |
10 |
5,0 |
| From 3,5 to 6 |
Less 70 |
8,5 |
4,0 |
| From 6,0 to 10 |
Less 65 |
8,0 |
4,0 |
| Bigger 10 to 12 |
Less 55 |
7,5 |
33,5 |
4.12.2 In rooms with a width of less than 3 m, the allowable distance between smoke detectors is 15 m.
4.12.3 Ionized smoke detectors are not installed in places where maximum wind speed is greater than 10 m / s.
4.12.4 Photoelectric smoke detector is not installed in places where the main fire is black smoke when burning.
4.12.5 For projected ray smoke detector, the distance between the straight line connecting the transmitter and the receiver of two pairs is not more than 14 m and the distance to the wall or other fire detector is not more than 7 m. In the space between the transmitter and receiver of the projected ray smoke detector, there must be no obstruction to block the beam.
4.13 Heat detector
4.13.1 Protective area of a heat detector, maximum distance between heat detectors and between heat detector and building wall should be determined according to Table 3 but not greater than the values stated in technical conditions and technical records of the heat detector.
Bảng 3
| Fire detector installation height m |
Protection area of a fire detector m2
|
Between fire detectors |
From the fire detector to the wall |
| Below 3,5 |
Less 50 |
7,0 |
3,5 |
| From 3,5 to 6 |
Less 25 |
5,0 |
2,5 |
| Bigger 6,0 to 9,0 |
Less 25 |
4,5 |
2,0 |
4.13.2 Threshold of effects of fixed heat detector must be 200C higher than the maximum allowable temperature in the room.
4.14 Fire detector
4.14.1 Fire detectors in rooms or areas must be installed on ceilings, walls and other constructional structures or mounted on equipment that needs protection.
4.14.2 The design and arrangement of fire detector must ensure that the protected area satisfies the conditions in table 1 and the values recorded in technical conditions and technical records of fire detectors.
5 Technical requirements of push button box
5.1 Fire alarm button box is installed inside as well as outside the building and building, installed on walls and building components at an altitude of from 0.8 m to 1.5 m from the floor or ground.
5.2 Fire alarm button box must be installed on emergency exits, landing of stairs in easy-to-see places.
In case it is deemed necessary, it can be installed in each room. The distance between push-button boxes is not more than 50 m.
5.3 If push button boxes are installed outside the building, the maximum distance between push button boxes is 150 m and there must be clear symbols. Fire alarm button boxes installed outside the house must be waterproof or must have measures against rain. The fire alarm button boxes must be illuminated continuously.
5.4 The push button boxes can be installed according to the separate channel of the fire alarm control panel or shared on a channel with the fire detectors.
6 Technical requirements of fire alarm control panel
6.1 The automatic fire alarm control panel must have the function to automatically check the signals coming from the alarm channels to eliminate false fire alarms. It is allowed to use the automatic fire alarm control panel that does not have the function of automatically checking the signal in case of using fire detectors with function of automatically checking signals. Do not use the control panel without fire alarm function as the automatic fire alarm control panel.
6.2 Must place fire alarm control panel in places where there is always someone on duty around the clock. In the absence of people on duty around the clock, the fire alarm control panel must have the function of transmitting fire and incident signals to the place where the fire is on duty or where people are on duty around the clock and take measures to prevent people. It is responsible for contacting the fire alarm control panel.
The places where fire alarm centers are located must have phones to directly contact the fire fighting team or the place to receive fire alarm information.
6.3 Fire alarm control panel must be installed on walls, partitions and tables in places where there is no danger of fire and explosion.
6.4 If the fire alarm panel is installed on structures constructed of flammable materials, these components must be protected by metal foil with a thickness of 1 mm or more or by other incombustible substances with a thickness not less than 10 mm. In this case the protective sheet must be of such a size that each side of the guard extends beyond the edge of the center at least 100mm in all directions.
6.5 Distance between fire alarm control panel and ceilings made of combustible material is not less than 1.0 m.
6.6 In case of side mounting, the distance between fire alarm control panel should not be less than 50 mm.
6.7 If the fire alarm panel is installed on a wall, column or machine stand, the distance from the control panel of the fire alarm panel to the floor is from 0.8 to 1.8 m.
6.8 The temperature and humidity at the location of fire alarm control panel must be in accordance with technical record and manual of fire alarm control panel.
6.9 The tone of fire alarm and fault alarm must be different.
6.10 The installation of automatic fire detectors with fire alarm control panel must pay attention to the suitability of the system (supply voltage for fire detector, type of fire signal, method of detecting incident,
line testing department).
7 Technical requirements for cabling and signaling wires, power cables
7.1 The selection of conductors and cables for the circuits of the fire alarm system must satisfy the applicable standards and codes of installation of electrical equipment and relevant current conductors in accordance with the technical requirements of this standard and the technical data for each type of specific equipment.
7.2 Signal cables of automatic fire alarm systems must be concealed in walls, ceilings ... and must have measures to protect conductors against short or broken wires (threaded in metal pipes or other protection pipes). In case of floating, take measures to prevent mouse bites or other mechanical causes damage to the cable. The holes through the ceiling and wall after the construction is completed must be sealed with incombustible substances
7.3 Signal circuits of the fire alarm system must be automatically checked for technical status along the signal circuit length.
7.4 Fire alarm circuits must use separate conductors and cables with copper core. It is allowed to use copper-core communication cables of mixed information networks, but communication channels must be separated.
7.5 Copper core of each signal conductor from the fire detector to the main shaft cable must have an area of not less than 0.75mm2 (equivalent to copper core with diameter of 1 mm). It is allowed to use more than one braided conductor, but the total cross-sectional area of those braided copper cores shall not be less than 0.75 mm2. The cross-section area of each copper core of the main cable line shall not be less than 0.4 mm2. It is permissible to use multi-conductor cables in a common shielding, but the copper core diameter of each conductor shall not be less than 0.4 mm.
total
Appendix A
(rule)
Select automatic fire detectors according to the properties of the facilities equipped
No Fire detector Basic features equipped
A. Manufacturing facility
I. Production and storage facilities
1a Thermal or photoelectric smoke detector Wood and wood products, textiles, ready-made clothing, leather shoes, fur goods, tobacco, paper, cellulose, cotton.
1b Fire or ionized smoke detector Synthetic resin, synthetic fiber, polymer materials, rubber, rubber products, synthetic rubber, flammable film and X-ray film.
2 Fire or flame detector. - Liquid oils, paints, solvents, flammable liquids, flammable liquids, lubricants, highly active chemicals, alcohol and alcohol products.
3 Fire detector. - Alkali metals, metal powders, natural rubber.
4 Heat detector. - Cereal flour, synthetic feed and other food, dust emitting material.
II. Manufacture factory:
5 Heat or fire detector. - Paper, cardboard, cardboard, fodder for livestock and poultry.
III. Storage facilities:
6 Heat or smoke detector. - Non-combustible materials in packaging made of combustible, solid and combustible substances.
B. Specialized works:
7 Heat or ionized smoke detector. - Room for laying cables, room for transformers, distribution equipment and electrical panels.
8 Ionized smoke detector. - Computer rooms, electronic control equipment, control machines, automatic telephone stations, radio booths, wiring rooms, switching rooms.
9 Heat or fire detector. - Room for equipment and pipes for flammable liquid, grease, internal combustion engine, fuel engine test room, combustion gas intake room.
10 Heat or ionized smoke detector. - Car maintenance workshop.
C. House and public building:
11 Photoelectric smoke detector. - Performance room, practice room, lecture hall, reading and seminar room, actor room, dressing room, dressing room, repair room, waiting room, rest room, hallway, buffer room, book storage room , storage room.
12 Heat or photoelectric smoke detector. - Props warehouse, administration office, computer room, control room.
13 Heat detector. - Living room, patient room, warehouse, public canteen, kitchen.
14 Photoelectric smoke or fire detector. - Galleries, artifacts archives of museums and exhibitions.
Attention - In a room with many different signs of fire at the first stage, when installing automatic fire detector, it is necessary to determine on the economic and technical basis.
Full text Vietnamese standard TCVN 5738: 2001 on automatic fire alarm system - technical requirements issued by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment.
